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Pakistan displays some of Asia’s most magnificent landscapes as it stretches from the Arabian Sea, its southern border, to some of the world’s most spectacular mountain ranges in the north. Pakistan is also home to sites that date back to world’s earliest settlements rivaling those of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
Landscape of Pakistan:
Pakistan is a land of many splendors. The scenery changes northward from coastal beaches, lagoons and mangrove swamps in the south to sandy deserts, desolate plateaus, fertile plains, dissected upland in the middle and high mountains with beautiful valleys, snow covered peaks and eternal glaciers in the north.
Boundaries:
Pakistan shares a 595 kilometers long border with China in the north, a 2252 kilometers border with Afghanistan in the northwest, an 805 kilometer long boundary with Iran in the southwest and a 1610 kilometers long border with India in the eats. The southern border of Pakistan consists of a 700 kilometers long coastline, which runs along the Arabian Sea from the border of Iran in the west to Runn Of Kutch in the east.
Provinces:
Politically, Pakistan consists of four provinces ( Punjab, Sindh , NFWP , Baluchistan ) , the tribal areas and the federally administered area of Islamabad.
History Of Pakistan:
Pakistan traces its history back to 2,500 years B.C. , when a highly developed civilization flourished in the Indus Valley. Excavations at Harappa, Moenjodaro, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh have brought to light the evidence of an advanced civilization existing even in more ancient times. Around 1500 B.C., the Aryans overwhelmed this region and influenced the Hindu civilization, whose centre moved to the Ganga Valley, further east. Later, the Persians occupied the northern region from the 5th century B.C., up to the 2nd century A.D. The Greeks came in 327 B.C., under Alexander of Macedonia, and passed away like a meteor. In 712 A.D , The Arabs led by Muhammad Bin Qasim, landed somewhere near modern Karachi and ruled the lower half of Pakistan for 200 years. During this time , Islam took root in the soil and influenced the life, culture, and traditions of the people. In the 10th century A.D., the systematic conquest of South Asia by the Muslims from Central Asia began, they ruled here up to the 18th century. Then the British came and ruled for nearly 100 years over what is Pakistan now.
Independence Movement:
The Muslim revival began towards the end of the last century when Sir Syed Ahmed Kha, a renowned Muslim leader and educationst, launched a movement for intellectual renaissance of the Muslims of South Asia. In 1940, a resolution was adopted by the All India Muslim League, demanding a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia. After 7 years of untiring struggle under the brilliant leadership of Quaid-e-Azam ( The Great Leader) Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan emerged on the world map as a sovereign state, on 14th August, 1947.
Pakistan Joins Nuclear Club:
India’s nuclear explosions of 11th and 13th may, 1998 and the subsequent failure of USA, Britain, Russia, France and China to provide effective guarantee for the security of Pakistan forced Pakistan to opt to go nuclear. Consequenty on 28th and 30th May, 1998 Pakistan proved that it is one of the rising stars in the fields of science and technology. It wrote a new glorious chapter of its history when it joined the nuclear club by detonating six nuclear devices in the Chagai Hills. Five nuclear tests were conducted on 28th of May and another two days later. The Pakistani tests measured 4.6 on the Richter Scale and had a yield of up to 40 kilotons.
Pakistan In The World Of Sports:
Pakistan is a major sporting nation of South Asia. It holds records in the games of hockey,squash, cricket, volleyball, boxing and athletics.
CRICKET:-
After gaining international status in 1950, Pakistan recorded victories in its first visits to India(1952), England (1954), and West Indies(1957). Since then Pakistan has been a force to reckon with in International Cricket. The climax of pakistan's achievements was achieved in 1992 when it won the 5th Cricket World Cup held in Australia and New Zealand.
HOCKEY:-
Hockey is another game in which Pakistan has received International fame. Pakistan has won the World Cup on four occasions and the Olympic Hockey Title thrice.
SQUASH:-
Like cricket and hockey Pakistan has figured prominently in squash. It has produced many World Champions in the last 50 years, including the the mighty Jehangir and Janshir Khan.
Last Updated: 01/04/2007 16:54:22
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